Satelliti naturali di Saturno

Il pianeta Saturno ha 53 lune nominate e altre 29 che sono ancora in fase di studio. Molte delle lune sono molto piccole: 33 hanno un diametro inferiore a 10 km (6 mi) e tredici lune hanno un diametro inferiore a 50 km (31 mi). Molte delle lune prendono il nome di Titani, Giganti o divinità minori greche o romane. Alcune delle lune di Saturno sono molto grandi; la luna Titano è più grande del pianeta Mercurio.

Lune confermate

Le lune di Saturno sono elencate qui per periodo orbitale (o semi-asse maggiore), dal più breve al più lungo. Le lune abbastanza massicce perché la loro superficie sia collassata in uno sferoide sono evidenziate in grassetto, mentre le lune irregolari sono elencate in rosso, arancione e sfondo grigio.

Chiave


Lune maggiori
ghiacciate

♠Titan


Gruppo Inuit


♦Gruppo fallico


Gruppo Norse

Molto recentemente, ci sono state 20 nuove scoperte di lune su Saturno che non hanno ancora un nome.

Ordina

Etichetta

Nome

Pronuncia

Immagine

Diametro (km)

Massa
(×1015 kg)

Asse semi-maggiore (km)

Periodo orbitale (d)

Inclinazione

Eccentricità

Posizione

Discoveryyear

Scopritore

1

S/2009 S/2009 S 1

- —

≈ 0.3

<  0.0001

≈ 117000

≈ 0.47

≈ 0°

≈ 0

anello B esterno

2009

Cassini

(lunette)

- —

A noisy image showing a few bright dots marked by circles

0,04 a 0,4 (Earhart)

<  0.0001

≈ 130000

≈ 0.55

≈ 0°

≈ 0

Tre bande di 1000 km all'interno di A Ring

2006

Cassini

2

XVIII

Pan Pan

/ˈpæn/

A bright fuzzy band (rings of Saturn) is running from the left to right. In the center a bright irregularity shaped body is superimposed on its upper edge. A narrow grayish band, which is a part of the main band, partially covers the body.

28.2±2.6
(34 × 31 × 20)

4.95±0.75

133584

+0.57505

0.001°

0.000035

nella divisione Encke

1990

M. Showalter

3

XXXV

Daphnis Daphnis

/ˈdæfnɪs/

Two bright bands run from the left to right. In the narrow gap between them (Keeler gap), which has wavy edges, a small oblong object can be seen.

7.6±1.6
(9 × 8 × 6)

0.084±0.012

136505

+0.59408

≈ 0°

≈ 0

in Keeler Gap

2005

Cassini

4

XV

Atlante

/ˈætləs/

An irregularly shaped body is fully illuminated. The body, which looks like a cone viewed from the south pole, is elongated downward.

30.2±1.8
(41 × 35 × 19)

6.6±0.045

137670

+0.60169

0.003°

0.0012

esterno Un pastore ad anello

1980

Voyager 2

5

XVI

Prometeo Prometeo

/proʊˈmiːθiəs/

An irregularly shaped oblong body is fully illuminated. It is elongated in the direction from the right to left. Its surface is covered by craters. There is valley at the top.

86.2±5.4
(136 × 79 × 59)

159.5±1.5

139380

+0.61299

0.008°

0.0022

pastore interno F Ring

1980

Voyager 2

6

XVII

Pandora Pandora

/pænˈdɔːrə/

An irregularly shaped body is half illuminated from the bottom. The terminator runs from the left to right. The surface is covered by numerous craters.

81.4±3.0
(104 × 81 × 64)

137.1±1.9

141720

+0.62850

0.050°

0.0042

esterno F Ring Shepherd

1980

Voyager 2

7a

XI

Epimeteo Epimeteo

/ɛpɪˈmiːθiəs/

A partially-illuminated irregular body, which has a shape remotely resembling a cube. The body's surface consists of ridges and valleys and is covered by craters.

116.2±3.6
(130 × 114 × 106)

526.6±0.6

151422

+0.69433

0.335°

0.0098

co-orbitale con Giano

1977

J. Fontana e S. Larson

7b

X

Giano Giano

/ˈdʒeɪnəs/

An irregular body, whose outline looks like an approximate circle in this image. It is illuminated from the bottom-left. The terminator runs from the top-left to bottom-right. The surface is covered by craters.

179.0±2.8
(203 × 185 × 153)

1897.5±0.6

151472

+0.69466

0.165°

0.0068

co-orbitale con Epimeteo

1966

A. Dollfus

9

LIII

Aegaeon Aegaeon

/iːˈdʒiːən/

Image of Aegaeon.

≈ 0.5

≈ 0.0001

167500

+0.80812

0.001°

0.0002

G Ring moonlet

2008

Cassini

10

I

Mimas †Mimas

/ˈmaɪməs/

A spherical body is half illuminated from the left. The terminator runs from the top to bottom in the vicinity of the right limb. A large crater with a central peak sits on the terminator slightly to the right and above the center of the body. It makes the body look like the Death Star. There are numerous smaller craters.

396.4±0.8
(416 × 393 × 381)

37493±31

185404

+0.942422

1.566°

0.0202

 

1789

W. Herschel

11

XXXII

Metone Metone

/mɪˈθoʊniː/

From May 2012 flyby

3.2±1.2

≈ 0.02

194440

+1.00957

0.007°

0.0001

Alchonidi

2004

Cassini

12

XLIX

Anthe Anthe

/ˈænθiː/

1.8

≈ 0.0015

197700

+1.05089

0.1°

0.0011

Alchonidi

2007

Cassini

13

XXXIII

Pallene Pallene

/pəˈliːniː/

In the center is Pallene, a moon of Saturn

5.0±1.2
(6 × 6 × 4)

≈ 0.05

212280

+1.15375

0.181°

0.0040

Alchonidi

2004

Cassini

14

II

Encelado †Encelado

/ɛnˈsɛlədəs/

A spherical body is half illuminated from the right. The terminator runs from the top to bottom in the vicinity of the left limb. In the center and at the top there are heavily cratered areas.

504.2±0.4
(513 × 503 × 497)

108022±101

237950

+1.370218

0.010°

0.0047

Genera l'anello E

1789

W. Herschel

15

III

Tethys †Tethys

/ˈtiːθɪs/

A spherical heavily cratered body is illuminated from the bottom. The terminator runs from the left to right in the vicinity of the top limb. There is a wide curved graben running from the center of the body to the bottom. It is Ithaca Chasma.

1062±1.2
(1077 × 1057 × 1053)

617449±132

294619

+1.887802

0.168°

0.0001

 

1684

G. Cassini

15a

XIII

Telesto Telesto

/tɪˈlɛstoʊ/

24.8±0.8
(33 × 24 × 20)

≈ 9.41

294619

+1.887802

1.158°

0.000

trojan leader Tethys

1980

B. Smith, H. Reitsema, S. Larson e J. Fountain

15b

XIV

Calypso Calypso

/kəˈlɪpsoʊ/

An oblong reddish body is seen in this low resolution image.

21.4±1.4
(30 × 23 × 14)

≈ 6.3

294619

+1.887802

1.473°

0.000

trojan Tethys che segue

1980

D. Pascu, P. Seidelmann, W. Baum e D. Currie

18

IV

Dione †Dione

/daɪˈoʊniː/

A spherical body is half illuminated from the right. The terminator is running from the top to bottom slightly to the left off the center. The central part of the body is smooth and has only a few craters. A heavily cratered terrain is near the right limb. A part of a large crater is intersected by the terminator in the lower-left corner. To the left of it there is a long crack running parallel to the terminator.

1122.8±0.8
(1128 × 1123 × 1119)

1095452±168

377396

+2.736915

0.002°

0.0022

 

1684

G. Cassini

18a

XII

Helene Helene

/ˈhɛlɪniː/

An irregularly shaped body illuminated from the left. Its surface is covered by numerous impact craters.

35.2±0.8
(43 × 38 × 26)

≈ 24.46

377396

+2.736915

0.212°

0.0022

troiano di Dione leader

1980

P. Laques e J. Lecacheux

18b

XXXIV

Poliduco Poliduco

/pɒliˈdjuːsiːz/

A small oblong body is barely resolved in this image.

2.6±0.8
(3 × 2 × 1)

≈ 0.03

377396

+2.736915

0.177°

0.0192

trojan di Dione che segue

2004

Cassini

21

V

Rhea †Rhea

/ˈriːə/

A spherical body is almost fully illuminated. The terminator is running near the top edge. The surface is covered by numerous craters. Two partially overlapping large craters can be seen above the center. One that is younger is above and to the right from the older one.

1527.0±1.2
(1530 × 1526 × 1525)

2306518±353

527108

+4.518212

0.327°

0.001258

 

1672

G. Cassini

22

VI

Titano ♠Titan

/ˈtaɪtən/

An orange spherical body is half illuminated from the right. The terminator is running from the top to bottom slightly to the left off the center. Both limb and terminator are fuzzy due to light scattering in the atmosphere.

5149.46±0.18
(5149 × 5149 × 5150)

134520000±20000

1221930

+15.94542

0.3485°

0.0288

 

1655

C. Huygens

23

VII

Hyperion †Hyperion

/haɪˈpɪəriən/

An irregularly shaped oblong body is illuminated from the left. The terminator is near the right limb. The body is elongated in the top-bottom direction. The surface is punctured by numerous impact craters, which make it look like a sponge or cheese.

270±8
(360 × 266 × 205)

5620±50

1481010

+21.27661

0.568°

0.123006

in risonanza 4:3 con Titano

1848

W. BondG
. Bond
 W. Lassell

24

VIII

Iapetus †Iapetus

/aɪˈæpɪtəs/

A walnut shaped body illuminated from the bottom-left. The terminator runs from the top to right along the top-right limb. An equatorial ridge runs from the left to right and is convex in the direction of the bottom-left. Above and below it there are dark areas. Above the upper dark area and below the lower one there are bright poles. There numerous craters. Three among them are very large: one sits on the limb at the right another is in the center above the ridge. The third is below the ridge near the left limb.

1468.6±5.6
(1491 × 1491 × 1424)

1805635±375

3560820

+79.3215

15.47°

0.028613

 

1671

G. Cassini

25

XXIV

Kiviuq ‡Kiviuq

/ˈkɪviək/

≈ 16

≈ 2.79

11294800

+448.16

49.087°

0.3288

Gruppo inuit

2000

B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars, et al.

26

XXII

Ijiraq ‡Ijiraq

/ˈiːɪrɒk/

≈ 12

≈ 1.18

11355316

+451.77

50.212°

0.3161

Gruppo inuit

2000

B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars, et al.

27

IX

Phoebe ♣†Phoebe

/ˈfiːbiː/

An approximately spherical heavily cratered body is illuminated from the bottom-right. The terminator runs near the left and top limbs. There is huge crater at the top, which affects the shape, and another slightly smaller at the bottom.

213.0±1.4
(219 × 217 × 204)

8292±10

12869700

−545.09

173.047°

0.156242

Gruppo nordico

1899

W. Pickering

28

XX

Paaliaq ‡Paaliaq

/ˈpɑːliɒk/

≈ 22

≈ 7.25

15103400

+692.98

46.151°

0.3631

Gruppo inuit

2000

B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars, et al.

29

XXVII

Skathi ♣Skathi

/ˈskɒði/

≈ 8

≈ 0.35

15672500

−732.52

149.084°

0.246

Gruppo nordico (Skathi)

2000

B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars, et al.

30

XXVI

Albiorix ♦Albiorix

/ˌælbiˈɒrɪks/

≈ 32

≈ 22.3

16266700

+774.58

38.042°

0.477

Gruppo gallico

2000

M. Holman

31

 

S/2007A ♣S/2007 S 2

- —

≈ 6

≈ 0.15

16560000

−792.96

176.68°

0.2418

Gruppo nordico

2007

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna, B. Marsden

32

XXXVII

Bebhionn ♦Bebhionn

/bɛˈviːn/

≈ 6

≈ 0.15

17153520

+838.77

40.484°

0.333

Gruppo gallico

2004

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

33

XXVIII

Erriapus ♦Erriapus

/ɛriˈæpəs/

≈ 10

≈ 0.68

17236900

+844.89

38.109°

0.4724

Gruppo gallico

2000

B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars, et al.

34

XLVII

Skoll ♣Skoll

/ˈskɒl/

≈ 6

≈ 0.15

17473800

−862.37

155.624°

0.418

Gruppo norreno (Skathi)

2006

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

35

XXIX

Siarnaq ‡Siarnaq

/ˈsiːɑːrnək/

≈ 40

≈ 43.5

17776600

+884.88

45.798°

0.24961

Gruppo inuit

2000

B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars, et al.

36

LII

Tarqeq ‡Tarqeq

/ˈtɑːrkeɪk/

≈ 7

≈ 0.23

17910600

+894.86

49.904°

0.1081

Gruppo inuit

2007

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

37

 

S/2004B ♣S/2004 S 13

- —

≈ 6

≈ 0.15

18056300

−905.85

167.379°

0.261

Gruppo nordico

2004

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

38

LI

Greip ♣Greip

/ˈɡreɪp/

≈ 6

≈ 0.15

18065700

−906.56

172.666°

0.3735

Gruppo nordico

2006

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

39

XLIV

Hyrrokkin ♣Hyrrokkin

/hɪˈrɒkɪn/

≈ 8

≈ 0.35

18168300

−914.29

153.272°

0.3604

Gruppo norreno (Skathi)

2006

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

40

L

Jarnsaxa ♣ Jarnsaxa

/jɑːrnˈsæksə/

≈ 6

≈ 0.15

18556900

−943.78

162.861°

0.1918

Gruppo nordico

2006

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

41

XXI

Tarvos ♦Tarvos

/ˈtɑːrvəs/

≈ 15

≈ 2.3

18562800

+944.23

34.679°

0.5305

Gruppo gallico

2000

B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars, et al.

42

XXV

Mundilfari ♣ Mundilfari

/mʊndəlˈværi/

≈ 7

≈ 0.23

18725800

−956.70

169.378°

0.198

Gruppo nordico

2000

B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars, et al.

43

 

S/2006 ♣S/2006 S 1

- —

≈ 6

≈ 0.15

18930200

−972.41

154.232°

0.1303

Gruppo norreno (Skathi)

2006

S. Sheppard, D.C. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

44

 

S/2004C ♣S/2004 S 17

- —

≈ 4

≈ 0.05

19099200

−985.45

166.881°

0.226

Gruppo nordico

2004

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

45

XXXVIII

Bergelmir ♣Bergelmir

/bɛərˈjɛlmɪər/

≈ 6

≈ 0.15

19104000

−985.83

157.384°

0.152

Gruppo norreno (Skathi)

2004

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

46

XXXI

Narvi ♣Narvi

/ˈnɑːrvi/

≈ 7

≈ 0.23

19395200

−1008.45

137.292°

0.320

Gruppo norreno (Narvi)

2003

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

47

XXIII

Suttungr ♣Suttungr

/ˈsʊtʊŋɡər/

≈ 7

≈ 0.23

19579000

−1022.82

174.321°

0.131

Gruppo nordico

2000

B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars, et al.

48

XLIII

Hati ♣Hati

/ˈhɑːti/

≈ 6

≈ 0.15

19709300

−1033.05

163.131°

0.291

Gruppo nordico

2004

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

49

 

S/2004A ♣S/2004 S 12

- —

≈ 5

≈ 0.09

19905900

−1048.54

164.042°

0.396

Gruppo nordico

2004

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

50

XL

Farbauti ♣Farbauti

/fɑːrˈbaʊti/

≈ 5

≈ 0.09

19984800

−1054.78

158.361°

0.209

Gruppo norreno (Skathi)

2004

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

51

XXX

Thrymr ♣Thrymr

/ˈθrɪmər/

≈ 7

≈ 0.23

20278100

−1078.09

174.524°

0.453

Gruppo nordico

2000

B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars, et al.

52

XXXVI

Aegir ♣Aegir

/ˈaɪ. ɪər/

≈ 6

≈ 0.15

20482900

−1094.46

167.425°

0.237

Gruppo nordico

2004

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

53

 

S/2007B ♣S/2007 S 3

- —

≈ 5

≈ 0.09

20518500

≈ −1100

177.22°

0.130

Gruppo nordico

2007

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

54

XXXIX

Bestla ♣Bestla

/ˈbɛstlə/

≈ 7

≈ 0.23

20570000

−1101.45

147.395°

0.5145

Gruppo norreno (Narvi)

2004

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

55

 

S/2007C ♣S/2004 S 7

- —

≈ 6

≈ 0.15

20576700

−1101.99

165.596°

0.5299

Gruppo nordico

2004

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

56

 

S/2006 ♣S/2006 S 3

- —

≈ 6

≈ 0.15

21076300

−1142.37

150.817°

0.4710

Gruppo norreno (Skathi)

2006

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

57

XLI

Fenrir ♣Fenrir

/ˈfɛnrɪər/

≈ 4

≈ 0.05

21930644

−1212.53

162.832°

0.131

Gruppo nordico

2004

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

58

XLVIII

Surtur ♣Surtur

/ˈsɜːrtər/

≈ 6

≈ 0.15

22288916

−1242.36

166.918°

0.3680

Gruppo nordico

2006

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

59

XLV

Kari ♣Kari

/ˈkɑːri/

≈ 7

≈ 0.23

22321200

−1245.06

148.384°

0.3405

Gruppo norreno (Skathi)

2006

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

60

XIX

Ymir ♣Ymir

/ˈɪmɪər/

≈ 18

≈ 3.97

22429673

−1254.15

172.143°

0.3349

Gruppo nordico

2000

B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars, et al.

61

XLVI

Loge ♣Loge

/ˈlɔɪ. eɪ/

≈ 6

≈ 0.15

22984322

−1300.95

166.539°

0.1390

Gruppo nordico

2006

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

62

XLII

Fornjot ♣Fornjot

/ˈfɔːrnjɒt/

≈ 6

≈ 0.15

24504879

−1432.16

167.886°

0.186

Gruppo nordico

2004

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

Lune non confermate

I seguenti oggetti (osservati da Cassini) non sono stati confermati come corpi solidi. Non è ancora chiaro se si tratta di veri satelliti o semplicemente di grumi persistenti all'interno dell'anello F.

Nome

Immagine

Diametro (km)

Semi-maggiore asse
(km)

Periodo orbitale
(d)

Posizione

Anno di scoperta

S/2004 S 6

A bright narrow band runs from the top to bottom. To the right of it in the diffuse halo the is a bright small object.

≈ 3–5

≈ 140130

+0.61801

oggetti incerti intorno all'anello F

2004

S/2004 S 3/S 4

≈ 3–5

≈ 140300

≈ +0.619

2004



Lune ipotetiche

Due lune sarebbero state scoperte da diversi astronomi, ma non furono mai più viste. Si diceva che entrambe le lune orbitassero tra Titano e Iperione.

  • Chirone che sarebbe stato avvistato da Hermann Goldschmidt nel 1861, ma mai osservato da nessun altro.
  • Themis sarebbe stata scoperta nel 1905 dall'astronomo William Pickering, ma non fu mai più vista. Tuttavia, fu inclusa in numerosi almanacchi e libri di astronomia fino agli anni '60.

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